• The acquisition of word order in L2 Norwegian: The case of subject and object shift 

      Anderssen, Merete; Bentzen, Kristine; Busterud, Guro; Dahl, Anne; Lundquist, Bjørn; Westergaard, Marit (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-11-13)
      This article reports on a syntactic acceptability judgement study of 59 adult L2/Ln learners of Norwegian and a group of native controls, studying subject and object shift. These constructions involve movement of (mainly) pronominal subjects or objects across negation/adverbs. Both subject shift and object shift display considerable micro-variation in terms of syntax and information structure, ...
    • Anticausatives are semantically reflexive in Norwegian but not in English 

      Lundquist, Bjørn; Corley, Martin; Tungseth, Mai; Sorace, Antonella; Ramchand, Gillian C (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-11-29)
      In this paper we will discuss cross-linguistic variation in semantic entailment patterns in causa- tive alternations. Previous work has probed this issue with data from elicited semantic judge- ments on paired linguistic forms, often involving linguistic negation and contradiction. We contribute to the debate in the form of a related psycholinguistic experiment that taps into direct judgements ...
    • Argument placement in faroese 

      Lundquist, Bjørn (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-01-25)
      This article gives a summary of the Faroese data concerning argument placement in the Nordic Word order Database(NWD). Special emphasis is put on carefully describing the different conditions tested in the argument placement experiment, the experimental set-up, and the demographic information of the participants. An overview of relevant parts of Faroese gram-mar is also given, as well as a ...
    • Binding and co-reference 

      Lundquist, Bjørn (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2014-08-22)
      There is a fair amount of variation between and within the Scandinavian varieties with respect to binding, anaphors and co­reference restrictions on pronouns and noun phrases. The variation between the languages has been discussed and analyzed in e.g. Holmberg and Platzack (1995) and Thráinsson (2008), and more fine­grained variation within the languages has been discussed by e.g. Tania Strahan ...
    • "Bliva" and "varda" 

      Lundquist, Bjørn (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-08-22)
      In this chapter, we discuss the use of the auxiliaries (or copulas) bliva and varda in the Nordic varieties. The phenomenon investigated is slightly different from the other phenomena discussed in NALS Volume 1 in that it is not really a syntactic phenomenon, but rather a lexical one. Bliva and varda are used as auxiliaries in periphrastic passives (followed by a passive participle), but they ...
    • The Bottleneck Hypothesis in L2 acquisition: L1 Norwegian learners’ knowledge of syntax and morphology in L2 English 

      Jensen, Isabel Nadine; Slabakova, Roumyana; Westergaard, Marit; Lundquist, Bjørn (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-02-28)
      The Bottleneck Hypothesis (Slabakova, 2008, 2013) proposes that acquiring properties of the functional morphology is the most challenging part of learning a second language. In the experiment presented here, the predictions of this hypothesis are tested in the second language (L2) English of Norwegian native speakers. Two constructions are investigated that do not match in English and Norwegian: One ...
    • Code-switching alone cannot explain intraspeaker syntactic variability: Evidence from a spoken elicitation experiment 

      Lundquist, Bjørn; Westendorp, Maud; Strand, Bror-Magnus S. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-11-16)
      We address the question whether speakers activate different grammars when they encounter linguistic input from different registers, here written standardised language and spoken dialect. This question feeds into the larger theoretical and empirical question if variable syntactic patterns should be modelled as switching between different registers/grammars, or as underspecified mappings from form to ...
    • Double object constructions: active verbs 

      Lundquist, Bjørn (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2014-08-22)
      In the ScanDiaSyn­survey, certain aspects of double object constructions were investigated. For double object verbs in the active diathesis, the focus was on non­selected or "free" indirect objects. More specifically, the question focused on was to which extent non­prototypical ditransitive verbs can take a recipient arguments realized as noun phrases in a position before the direct object. The ...
    • Double object constructions: passive verbs 

      Lundquist, Bjørn (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2014-08-22)
      In the North Germanic languages there are at least two highly interesting issues tied to passive double object verbs: 1. The promotion symmetry: both direct objects and indirect objects can be promoted to subject under passive in many North Germanic varieties. 2. Restrictions on verbs that can take indirect objects in passives: many verbs that take two objects in the active voice, cannot have both ...
    • Dynamikken i en språkendringsprosess: Bortfall av hunkjønnsformer i norsk 

      Lundquist, Bjørn; Klassen, Rachel; Westergaard, Marit (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-05-12)
      Det finnes betydelig regional og sosiolingvistisk variasjon i genusssystemet inorsk, hovedsakelig når det gjelder hunkjønnskategorien. Mange morsmåls-talere av norsk har et robust tregenussystem (hankjønn, hunkjønn og intetkjønn),mens andre har et system med kun to genus (felleskjønn og intetkjønn), der alleeller de fleste hunkjønnsformene er erstattet av hankjønnsformer. Uavhengig avdialekt er alle ...
    • Free reflexives: Reflexives without a sentence-internal antecedent 

      Lundquist, Bjørn (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2014-08-22)
      Unbound reflexives exist in Icelandic and Faroese in contexts where an “author” or a logophoric center has been established in the discourse, as has been discussed by Maling (1984) and Sigurðsson (1990) for Icelandic, and Barnes (1986) for Faroese.
    • Future tense 

      Lundquist, Bjørn (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2014-08-22)
    • Gender Change in Norwegian Dialects: Comprehension is affected before Production 

      Lundquist, Bjørn; Rodina, Yulia; Sekerina, Irina; Westergaard, Marit (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-10-04)
      This article investigates language variation and change in the grammatical gender system of Norwegian, where feminine gender agreement is in the process of disappearing in some Northern Norwegian dialects. Speakers of the Tromsø ( N = 46) and Sortland ( N = 54) dialects participated in a Visual Word experiment. The task examined whether they used indefinite articles ( en , e ...
    • L1 Grammatical Gender Variation through the Representation in the Lexicon 

      Klassen, Rachel; Lundquist, Bjørn; Westergaard, Marit (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-04-01)
      In most studies on gender processing, native speakers of the same language are treated as a homogeneous group. The current study investigates to what extent an ongoing change in the gender system of Norwegian (a development from three to two genders, involving the loss of feminine) may be refected in processing. We carried out a gender decision task in which speakers were presented with 32 nouns ...
    • Long Distance Binding 1: complement clauses 

      Lundquist, Bjørn (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-08-22)
    • Long distance binding 2: relative clauses 

      Lundquist, Bjørn (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-08-22)
    • Mid-distance binding: binding into infinitival clauses 

      Lundquist, Bjørn (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-08-22)
    • The Middle Field 

      Bentzen, Kristine; Lundquist, Bjørn (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-08-22)
      This section covers a wide range of phenomena that are related to what we can call the middle field of the clause. We have included chapters that deal both with the placement of arguments in the middle field (excluding argument structure inside the verb phrase, which is dealt with in the section on the verb phrase, see Lundquist 2014a), and chapters about auxiliaries and verbmorphology. The topic ...
    • Nordic Word Order Database: Motivations, methods, material and infrastructure 

      Lundquist, Bjørn; Larsson, Ida; Westendorp, Maud; Tengesdal, Eirik; Nøklestad, Anders (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-12-19)
      In this article, we present the Nordic Word Order Database (NWD), with a focus on the rationale behind it, the methods used in data elicitation, data analysis and the empirical scope of the database. NWD is an online database with a user-friendly search interface, hosted by The Text Laboratory at the University of Oslo, launched in April 2019 (https://tekstlab.uio.no/nwd). It contains elicited ...
    • Noun-verb conversion without a generative lexicon 

      Lundquist, Bjørn (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2009)
      This paper discusses different types of zero-derived de-verbal nominals with a focus on result nominals, simple event nominals and complex event nominals. I argue that zero-derived nominals should be treated on a par with overtly derived nominals. I claim that verbs that have related zero-derived nominals have nominal gender features in their lexical entries in addition to verbal features, like Proc ...